(CBS) Each year, people spend more than $40 billion on products designed to help them slim down. None of them seem to be working very well.

Now along comes hoodia. Never heard of it? Soon it’ll be tripping off your tongue, because hoodia is a natural substance that literally takes your appetite away.

It’s self-same different from diet stimulants like Ephedra and Phenfen that are now banned because of dangerous lateral effects. Hoodia doesn’t animate at all. Scientists say it fools the brain by making you think you’re full, even if you’ve eaten just a morsel. Correspondent Lesley Stahl reports.

“Hoodia, a plant that tricks the brain by making the stomach feel full, has been in the diet of South Africa’s Bushmen for thousands of years.”

Because the only place in the globe where hoodia grows wild is in the Kalahari Desert of South Africa.

Nigel Crawhall, a linguistic scholar and interpreter, hired an experienced tracker named Toppies Kruiper, a local aboriginal Bushman, to help find it. The Bushmen were featured in the movie “The Gods Must Be Crazy.”

Kruiper led 60 Minutes crews out into the desert. Stahl asked him if he ate hoodia. “I really like to eat them when the new rains be seized of come,” says Kruiper, elocution through the interpreter. “Then they’re really quite delicious.”

When we located the plant, Kruiper cut off a stalk that looked like a small spiky vinegar, and removed the sharp spines. In the interest of science, Stahl ate it. She described the taste as “a little cucumbery in texture, but not bad.”

So how did it work? Stahl says she had no after effects - none funny taste in her cry, no queasy stomach, and no racing heart. She also wasn’t hungry all day, even when she would normally have a pang around mealtime. And, she also had no desire to chew and swallow or drink the entire day. “I’d have to say it did work,” says Stahl.

Although the West is just discovering hoodia, the Bushmen of the Kalahari have been eating it for a very long time. After all, they have been living off the land in southern Africa on this account that more than 100,000 years.

Some of the Bushmen, like Anna Swartz, still live in old traditional huts, and give a color to so-called Bush food gathered from the desert the antiquated road.

The capital scientific investigation of the plant was conducted at South Africa’s national laboratory. Because Bushmen were known to eat hoodia, it was included in a study of indigenous foods.

“What they found was when they fed it to animals, the animals ate it and lost weight,” says Dr. Richard Dixey, who heads an English pharmaceutical company called Phytopharm that is trying to develop weight-loss products based on hoodia.

Was hoodia’s potential putting into practice as an appetite suppressant immediately obvious?

“No, it took them a long time. In fact, the original research was done in the mid 1960s,” says Dixey.

It took the South African national laboratory 30 years to isolate and identify the
specific appetite-suppressing ingredient in hoodia . When they found it, they applied for a patent and licensed it to Phytopharm.

Phytopharm has spent greater quantity than $20 million so far on research, including clinical trials with obese volunteers that have yielded promising results. Subjects given hoodia ended up eating about 1,000 calories a day less than those in the control group. To put that in perspective, the average American man consumes about 2,600 calories a sunshine; a woman about 1,900.

“If you take this compound every day, your wish to eat goes down. And we’ve seen that very, very dramatically,” says Dixey.

But why do you need a patent for a plant? “The patent is on the application of the plant as a weight-loss material. And, of course, the active compounds within the plant. It’s not without interruption the plant itself,” says Dixey.

So no one else can use hoodia for weight loss? “As a weight-management product without infringing the patent, that’s correct,” says Dixey.

But what does that say about all these weight-loss products that claim to have hoodia in it? Trimspa says its X32 pills contain 75 mg of hoodia. The party is pushing its product with every ad campaign featuring Anna Nicole Smith, even though the FDA has notified Trimspa that it hasn’t demonstrated that the product is safe.

Some companies be the subject of even used the results of Phytopharm’s clinical tests to market their products.

“This is just straightforward theft. That’s the kind of it is. People are stealing data, which they haven’t done, they’ve got no proper understanding of, and sticking on the bottle,” says Dixey. “When we have assayed these materials, they contain between 0.1 and 0.01 percent of the active component part claimed. But they use the term hoodia on the bottle, of course, so they — does nothing at all.”

goal Dixey isn’t the only individual who’s felt ripped off. The Bushmen capital heard the news not far from the patent when Phytopharm put out a press release. Roger Chennells, a lawyer in South Africa who represents the Bushmen, who are also called “the San,” was appalled.

“The San did not equitable know about it,” says Chennells. “They had given the information that led directly with respect to the patent.”

The seizing of traditional knowledge without compensation is called “bio-piracy.”

“You have said, and I’m going to adduce you, ‘that the San felt as if someone had stolen the family white,’” says Stahl to Chennells. “So what did you do?”

“I wouldn’t want to go into some of the details as to what kind of letters were written or what kind of threats were made,” says Chennells. “We engaged them. They had done something unjust, and we wanted them to acknowledge it.”

Chennells was determined to help the Bushmen who, he says, have been exploited for centuries. First they were pushed apart by black tribes. Then, when white colonists arrived, they were nearly annihilated.

“About the turn of the century, there were still hunting parties in Namibia and in South Africa that allowed farmers to go and kill Bushmen,” says Chennells. “It’s well documented.”

The Bushmen are still stigmatized in South Africa, and plagued with high unemployment, little education, and lots of alcoholism. And now, it seemed they were about to be cut out of a potential windfall from hoodia. So Chennells threatened to seek by request the national lab on their behalf.

“We knew that if it was successful, many, many millions of dollars would be coming towards the San,” says Chennells. “Many, many millions. They’ve talked about the place of traffic being hundreds and hundreds of millions in America.”

In the expiration, a installation was reached. The Bushmen will get a percentage of the profits — if there are profits. But that’s a self-sufficient if.

The hereafter of hoodia is not yet a sure thing. The project hit a major snag last year. Pharmaceutical giant Pfizer, which had teamed up with Phytopharm, and funded much of the research, dropped out when structure a pill out of the active ingredient seemed beyond reach.

Dixey says it can be made synthetically: “We’ve made milligrams of it. But it’s very expensive. It’s not possible to make it synthetically in what’s called a scaleable process. So we couldn’t make a metric ton of it or something that is the sort of quantity you’d need to actually start doing something about obesity in thousands of people.”

Phytopharm decided to market hoodia in its natural form, in diet shakes and bars. That meant it needed the hoodia plant itself.

But given the obesity epidemic in the United States, it became obvious that what was needed was a lot of hoodia - much more than was growing in the wild in the Kalahari. And so they came here.

60 Minutes visited one of Phytopharm’s hoodia plantations in South Africa. They’ll need a lot of these plantations to meet the expected demand.

Agronomist Simon MacWilliam has a elevated order: grow a billion portions a year of hoodia, within just a couple of years. He admitted that starting up the plantation has been quite a challenge.

“The problem is we’re dealing with a novel crop. It’s a plant we’ve taken out of the wild and we’re starting to grow it,’ says MacWilliam. “So we have no experience. So it’s different? diseases and pests that we have to deal by”.

How confident are they that they will be able to grow enough? “We’re very confident of that,” he says. “We’ve got any dilatation program which is going to be 100s of acres. And we’ll be able - ready to meet the demand.

This could be huge, given the obesity epidemic. Phytopharm says it’s about to announce marketing plans that will have meal-replacement hoodia products on supermarket shelves by 2008.

MacWilliam says these products are a slightly deviating species from the hoodia Stahl tasted in the Kalahari Desert. “It’s actually a lot more bitter than the plant that you tasted,” says MacWilliam.

The advantage is this species of hoodia will grow a lot faster. But more bitter? How bad could it be? Stahl decided to find loudly. “Not good,” she says.

Phytopharm says that then its product gets to market, it will be certified safe and effective. They moreover promise that it’ll taste good.

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